Altitude Sickness

Symptoms of Altitude Sickness

Altitude sickness, also known as altitude illness, occurs when individuals are exposed to high altitudes without proper acclimatization. The symptoms of altitude sickness can range from mild to severe and can affect anyone, regardless of age, fitness level, or experience at high altitudes.

• Mild symptoms of altitude sickness include headache, nausea, loss of appetite, and fatigue. These symptoms can typically be managed by resting, hydrating, and avoiding alcohol and caffeine. It is essential to monitor these symptoms carefully as they can worsen if left untreated.

• Moderate symptoms of altitude sickness include shortness of breath, dizziness, and vomiting. These symptoms can be challenging to manage, and individuals who experience them should descend immediately to a lower altitude.

• Severe Symptom of altitude sickness can be life-threatening and require immediate medical attention. These symptoms include difficulty breathing, confusion, and loss of consciousness. It is essential to act quickly in these situations and descend to a lower altitude, or seek medical treatment if necessary.

Prevention of Altitude Sickness

Altitude sickness can be a preventable condition, and there are a few measures that individuals can take to avoid its onset. The following are some helpful tips to keep in mind when planning for mountain climbing or hiking at high altitudes:

• Gradual Ascent –The most effective way to prevent altitude sickness is by acclimatising gradually. It is essential to allow the body enough time to adjust to the change in altitude. When planning a trip to high altitudes, it is advisable to start at a lower elevation and gradually make your way up. This allows the body to adjust to the changes in pressure and oxygen levels. For example, when climbing mountains, it is recommended to spend a day or two at the base camp before ascending higher.

• Stay Hydrated – Dehydration can increase the risk of altitude sickness. Therefore drink plenty of fluids, especially water, to stay hydrated at high altitudes. Consuming fluids regularly helps the body to maintain its fluid balance and prevents dehydration. Avoid drinking alcohol and caffeine as they can dehydrate the body and increase the risk of altitude sickness.

• Eat Light and Nutritious Meals – High altitude environments can affect the digestive system, and it becomes difficult to digest heavy meals. It is essential to eat light and nutritious meals while climbing mountains or hiking at high altitudes. Consuming foods rich in carbohydrates such as pasta, rice, and bread can provide the necessary energy required for the body to function effectively while climbing. It is also necessary to eat small meals more frequently to keep up the energy levels.

• Consider Medications – There are several medications available that can assist in preventing altitude sickness. Book in for a consultation with our travel clinic specialist before taking any medication. Acetazolamide is a medication that can be helpful in preventing altitude sickness. It works by increasing the amount of urine produced by the body, which helps to get rid of excess fluid and reduce the risk of altitude sickness. 

Be Prepared for Emergencies

Despite taking all the necessary precautions, altitude sickness can still occur. It is essential to be prepared for emergencies and know the signs and symptoms of altitude sickness. It is advisable to carry a portable oxygen cylinder or a hyperbaric chamber in case of emergencies. Always trek with someone and carry a first aid kit equipped with altitude sickness medication.

By following these simple guidelines, individuals can reduce their chances of getting altitude sickness while mountain climbing or hiking at high altitudes. Remember to take adequate rest, stay hydrated, and always be prepared for emergencies.

It is crucial to recognise and monitor the symptoms of altitude sickness closely when travelling or engaging in activities at high altitudes. By doing so, individuals can take appropriate action and prevent potentially severe health complications.

Top Tips to Prevent:

1. Acclimatise: Take your time to get used to higher altitudes. If travelling to very high regions, break the journey with stopovers.

2. Stay Hydrated: Drink plenty of fluids, especially water, to keep dehydration at bay.

3. Limit Physical Activity: During the initial days at high altitudes, take it easy. Rest, and let your body adjust.

4. Avoid Alcohol and Tobacco: These can exacerbate the symptoms and increase dehydration.

5. Medication: Over-the-counter medications are available that can help in preventing and treating altitude sickness. Consult our pharmacists to understand which is best for you.